In Australia, all psychologists must be registered. To be a registered psychologist you need a four-year degree in psychology with 2 years supervised post graduate experience (during which time you are an intern psychologist). Alternatively, you can do an approved post graduate degree (masters or doctorate). A clinical psychologist is a person who has done the 4 year degree plus a post graduate degree in clinical psychology - usually a clinical masters, clinical doctorate, or a PhD in Clinical Psychology (ie masters crousework and placements and a PhD thesis).

Most have a doctorate (PhD) in psychology with additional years of post-doctoral training in clinical neuropsychology.

William Edward Broderick has written:

'An investigation into the relationship among intelligence, age of entry, length of remediation, progress during remediation, and post-clinical reading remediation in determining long-term post-clinical reading comprehension'

PMS is defined as a new drug development i.e, pharmacovigillence

Pain is recognized in two different forms: physiologic pain and clinical pain