Breast cancer in males, although less common than in females, can still occur. Male breast cancer typically occurs in older men, but it can affect males of any age. Similar to breast cancer in females, the exact cause of breast cancer in males is not always clear, but several risk factors have been identified. These risk factors may include:
Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, and it is more common in older men.
Family history: A family history of breast cancer, especially in first-degree relatives (such as a mother, sister, or daughter), can increase the risk of breast cancer in males.
Genetic mutations: Inherited genetic mutations, such as mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can increase the risk of breast cancer in both men and women.
Hormonal factors: Conditions that affect hormone levels, such as Klinefelter syndrome, liver disease, or hormonal treatments, can increase the risk of male breast cancer.
Radiation exposure: Previous radiation therapy to the chest area, such as treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma, can increase the risk of breast cancer in males.
Estrogen treatment: Some medical treatments that involve estrogen therapy, such as treatment for prostate cancer, may increase the risk of breast cancer in males.
Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in males may include a painless lump or swelling in the breast tissue, changes in the size or shape of the breast, nipple discharge (including blood), and changes in the appearance of the nipple or breast skin (such as dimpling, puckering, or redness). It's important for men to seek medical attention if they notice any unusual changes in their breast tissue.
Diagnosis of male breast cancer typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests (such as mammography or ultrasound), and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for male breast cancer may include surgery (such as mastectomy or lumpectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the stage and characteristics of the cancer.
Overall, early detection and prompt treatment are key to improving outcomes for male breast cancer patients. Men should be aware of their risk factors and any changes in their breast tissue, and they should discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider.