A radical having the general formula RCO-, derived from an organic acid.
acyl
Dictionary:
ac·yl (ăs'əl)  |
| 5min Related Video: Acylium |
| Medical Dictionary: ac·yl |
n.
A organic radical having the general formula RCO, derived from the removal of a hydroxyl group from an organic acid.
| Veterinary Dictionary: acyl |
1. an organic radical derived from a fatty acid by removal of the hydroxyl group.
2. generic term for fatty acid groups.
- a. carrier protein — ACP; a carrier protein molecule which is part of the fatty acid synthesizing enzyme complex in non-mammalian systems and which carries acyl groups.
- a. CoA — thioester of coenzyme A and a fatty acid of unspecified, but usually more than 14 carbon length.
- a. CoA dehydrogenase deficiency — lack of the first enzyme of beta-oxidation, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein which catalyzes the removal of two hydrogens from the acyl chain.
| WordNet: acyl |
Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.
The noun has one meaning:
Meaning #1:
any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group
Synonym: acyl group
| Wikipedia: Acyl |
An acyl group (IUPAC name: alkanoyl) is a functional group derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid.[1] In organic chemistry, the acyl group is usually derived from a carboxylic acid. It therefore has the formula RC(=O)–, where R represents an alkyl group; there is a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms, and a single bond between R and the carbon. Acyl groups can also be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids.
Contents |
In Reactions
Acyl halides can be used in Friedel-Crafts acylation to introduce the acyl moiety in an aromatic compound.
In biochemistry, acyl CoAs are derivates of fatty acid metabolism, with acetyl CoA as an example. They are actually thiol esters.
Examples
The names of acyl groups are typically derived from the corresponding acid by substituting the acid ending -ic with the ending -yl as shown in the table below. Note that methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. that end in -yl are not acyl but alkyl groups derived from alkanes.
| Acyl group name (R-CO-) |
Corresponding carboxylic acid name (R-CO-OH) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| common | systematic | common | systematic |
| formyl | methanoyl | formic acid | methanoic acid |
| acetyl | ethanoyl | acetic acid | ethanoic acid |
| propionyl | propanoyl | propionic acid | propanoic acid |
| benzoyl | benzoic acid | ||
| acryl | propenoyl | acrylic acid | propenoic acid |
Acyl species
In acyloxy groups the acyl group is bonded to oxygen: R-C(=O)-O-R' where R-C(=O) is the acyl group.
Acylium ions are cations of the type R-C+=O and play an important role as intermediates in organic reactions [1] for example the Hayashi rearrangement.
References
See also
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Learn More
 | Amination |
| Pyridinium |
| Hayashi rearrangement |
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Medical Dictionary. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Read more |
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| Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Acyl". Read more |
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