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belligerent

 
Dictionary: bel·lig·er·ent   (bə-lĭj'ər-ənt) pronunciation
 
adj.
  1. Inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive.
  2. Of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare.
n.

One that is hostile or aggressive, especially one that is engaged in war.

[Latin belligerāns, belligerant-, present participle of belligerāre, to wage war, from belliger, warlike : bellum, war + gerere, to make.]

belligerently bel·lig'er·ent·ly adv.

SYNONYMS  belligerent, bellicose, pugnacious, contentious, quarrelsome. These adjectives mean having or showing an eagerness to fight. Belligerent refers to a tendency to hostile behavior: A belligerent reporter badgered the politician. Bellicose and pugnacious suggest a natural disposition to fight: “All successful newspapers are ceaselessly querulous and bellicose” (H.L. Mencken). A good litigator needs a pugnacious intellect. Contentious implies chronic argumentativeness: “His style has been described variously as abrasive and contentious, overbearing and pompous” (Victor Merina). Quarrelsome suggests bad temper and a perverse readiness to bicker: “The men gave him much room, for he was notorious as a quarrelsome person when drunk” (Stephen Crane).


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Thesaurus: belligerent
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adjective

  1. Having or showing an eagerness to fight: bellicose, combative, contentious, hostile, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, scrappy, truculent, warlike. See attack/defend.
  2. Inclined to act in a hostile way: aggressive, combative, contentious, hostile, militant. See attack/defend, attitude/good attitude/bad attitude/neutral attitude.
  3. Of or engaged in warfare: combatant, hostile, militant. Idioms: at war. See attack/defend.

noun

    One who engages in a combat or struggle: combatant, fighter, soldier, warrior. See conflict/cooperation.

 
Antonyms: belligerent
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adj

Definition: nasty, argumentative
Antonyms: cooperative, helping, kind, nice


 
US Military Dictionary: belligerent
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adj. engaged in a war or conflict, as recognized by international law: a conference of socialists from all belligerent countries | both belligerent powers.

n.

a nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by international law: ships and goods captured at sea by a belligerent | the movement of belligerents into threatening positions.

belligerently adv.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

 
Word Tutor: belligerent
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: Having angry aggressive feelings.

pronunciation The new manager's belligerent manner was quickly losing him support.

 
Wikipedia: Belligerent
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A belligerent is an individual, group, country or other entity which acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat. Unlike the colloquial use of belligerent to mean aggressive, its formal use does not necessarily imply that the belligerent country is an aggressor.

In times of war, belligerent countries can be contrasted with neutral countries and non-belligerents. However, the application of the laws of war to neutral countries and the responsibilities of belligerents are not affected by any distinction between neutral countries, neutral powers or non-belligerents. A non-belligerent may nevertheless risk being considered a belligerent if it aids or supports a belligerent in a way proscribed by neutral countries.

An interesting use of the term arose during the American Civil War, when the Confederate States of America, though not recognized as a sovereign state, was recognized as a belligerent power, and thus Confederate warships were given the same rights as United States warships in foreign ports.[1][2][3]

Belligerency

Belligerency is a term used in international law to indicate the status of two or more entities, generally sovereign states, being engaged in a war. Wars are often fought with one or both parties to a conflict invoking the right to self defence under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter,[4] (As did the United Kingdom in 1982 before the start of the Falklands War[5]) or under the auspices of a United Nations Security Council resolution (such as the United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 which gave legal authorization for the Gulf War).

A state of belligerency may also exist between one or more sovereign states on one side, and rebel forces, if such rebel forces are recognised as belligerents. If there is a rebellion against an constituted authority (for example an authority recognised as such by the United Nations) and those taking part in the rebellion are not recognised as belligerents then the rebellion is an insurgency.[6]

Since the beginning of the crystallization of various concepts of international law, also called the law of nations, the concept of belligerency and the rights and duties of belligerent nations have continued to evolve and become codified. In the modern context, a number of regulations relating to belligerency were annexed to the Hague Convention of 1899, pertaining to the laws and customs of war. The Convention contained a specific section named Belligerents which was divided into three chapters, dealing respectively with the following:

Once the status of belligerency is established between two or more states, their relations are determined and governed by the laws of war.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hall, Kermit L. The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions, Oxford University Press US, 2001 ISBN 0195139240, 9780195139242 p. 246 "In supporting Lincoln on this issue, the Supreme Court upheld his theory of the Civil War as an insurrection against the United States government that could be suppressed according to the rules of war. In this way the United States was able to fight the war as if it were an international war, without actually having to recognize the de jure existence of the Confederate government."
  2. ^ Staff. Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of the Historian -> Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History -> 1861-1865:The Blockade of Confederate Ports, 1861-1865, U.S. State Department. "Following the U.S. announcement of its intention to establish an official blockade of Confederate ports, foreign governments began to recognize the Confederacy as a belligerent in the Civil War. Great Britain granted belligerent status on May 13, 1861, Spain on June 17, and Brazil on August 1. Other foreign governments issued statements of neutrality."
  3. ^ Goldstein, Erik; McKercher, B. J. C. Power and stability: British foreign policy, 1865-1965, Routledge, 2003 ISBN 0714684422, 9780714684420. p. 63
  4. ^ Bruce Ackerman But What's the Legal Case for Preemption? Yale Law School, August 20, 2002
  5. ^ Daniel K. Gibran (1997). The Falklands War: Britain Versus the Past in the South Atlantic, McFarland, ISBN 078640406X. p. 86
  6. ^ Oxford English Dictionary second edition 1989 "insurgent B. n. One who rises in revolt against constituted authority; a rebel who is not recognized as a belligerent."

 
Translations: Belligerent
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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - krigsførende, i konflikt
n. - krigsførende nation

Nederlands (Dutch)
agressief, krijgshaftig, oorlogvoerend, partij in oorlog/conflict

Français (French)
adj. - belligérant, agressif
n. - belligérant

Deutsch (German)
adj. - aggressiv, kriegerisch, kampflustig
n. - kriegführende Partei, am Streit Beteiligter

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - εμπόλεμος
adj. - φιλοπόλεμος, φίλερις

Italiano (Italian)
aggressivo, battagliero

Português (Portuguese)
n. - beligerante (m) (f)
adj. - agressivo, beligerante, hostil

Русский (Russian)
воюющий, агрессивный, воинственный

Español (Spanish)
adj. - beligerante, agresivo, belicoso, combativo
n. - beligerante

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - krigförande, stridslysten, krigsförande makt
adj. - krigförande, krigisk, aggressiv

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
好战的, 交战国的, 交战的, 交战国, 参加斗殴的人

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 好戰的, 交戰國的, 交戰的
n. - 交戰國, 參加鬥毆的人

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 호전적인, 교전 중인, 용감한
n. - 교전국, 적

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 交戦中の, 好戦的な, 喧嘩腰の, けんか早い
n. - 交戦国, 戦闘員

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) متحارب, محارب, دوله متحاربه (صفه) ميال للحرب أو المجادله, عدائي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮מלחמתי, לוחם‬
n. - ‮מלחמתי, לוחם‬


 
 
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