A city of west-central Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea west-northwest of Rome. Its harbor is the chief port of Rome. Population: 51,400.
Civitavecchia
Dictionary:
Ci·vi·ta·vec·chia (chē'vē-tä-vĕk'yä)  |
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Civitavecchia |
Civitavecchia (chē'vētä-vĕk'kēä) , city (1991 pop. 51,201), in Latium, W central Italy, on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The harbor, favored by Trajan (early 2d cent. A.D.), is still the chief port of Rome. It also handles traffic for the Terni industrial area and is the main maritime link with Sardinia. Industries produce metals, machinery, chemicals, and cement. The arsenal in Civitavecchia was built by Bernini, and Michelangelo directed the final stages of the construction of the powerful citadel (begun 1508, nearly destroyed in World War II).
| Wikipedia: Civitavecchia |
| Comune di Civitavecchia | |
|---|---|
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 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Rome |
| Mayor | Giovanni Moscherini |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Area | 71.95 km² (27.8 sq mi) |
| Population (as of 2008) | |
| - Total | 51,969 |
| - Density | 722/km² (1,870/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | 42°06′N 11°48′E / 42.1°N 11.8°E |
| Gentilic | Civitavecchiesi |
| Dialing code | 0766 |
| Postal code | 00053 |
| Frazioni | Aurelia, La Scaglia |
| Patron | Saint Fermina |
| - Day | April 28 |
| Website: www.comunecivitavecchia.it | |
Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Latium. A sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea, it is located 80 kilometers west-north-west of Rome, across the Mignone river. The harbor is formed by two moles and a breakwater, on which is a lighthouse.
Civitavecchia means "ancient town".
Contents |
History
The modern city was built over a pre-existing Etruscan settlement.
The harbor was constructed by the Emperor Trajan at the beginning of the 2nd century. The first occurrence of the name Centum Cellae is from a letter by Pliny the Younger (AD 107). The origin of the name is disputed: it has been suggested that it could refer to the centum ("hundred") halls of the villa of the emperor.
In the high Middle Ages, Centumcellae was a Byzantine stronghold. Captured by the Saracens in 828, it was later acquired by the Papal States.
The place became a
During World War II, Civitavecchia was severely damaged by Allied bombings, which caused several civilian casualties.
Economy
Civitavecchia is today a major cruise and ferry port, the main starting point for sea connection from central Italy to Sardinia, Sicily, Malta,Tunis and Barcelona. Fishing has a secondary importance.
The city is also the seat of two thermal power stations. The conversion of one of them to carbon has raised the population's protests, as it has been suggested it could create heavy pollution.
Main sights
- The massive Forte Michelangelo ("Michelangelo's fort") was first commissioned from Bramante by Pope Julius II, to defend the port of Rome, and was completed in 1535 by Giuliano Leno and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, under Paul III. The upper part of the "maschio" tower, however, was designed by Michelangelo, whose name is generally applied to the fortress. The edifice, measuring 100 x 82 m, has four towers with a diameter of 21 m. The main tower, of octagonal shape, has sides of 12 m. The walls have an impressive thickness of 6-7.6 m. The fortress was built over an ancient Roman construction, probably the barracks of the classiarii ("mariners") of the Imperial Fleet.
- The Rocca ("castle"), re-built in the late 15th century by Pope Sixtus V. A Palazzo Apostolico was added by Pius IV in the 16th century.
- The cathedral of San Francesco d'Assisi was built by the Franciscans over a pre-existing small church built from 1610. The current edifice, with Baroque-Neoclassical lines, was erected in the eighteenth century.
- North of the city at Ficoncella are the Terme Taurine baths frequented by Romans and still popular with the Civitavecchiesi. The modern name stems from the fig plants among the various pools.
- Next to the town is the location of the cruise ship docks that service all of the Rome area. All major cruise lines start and end their cruises at this location, and many others stop for shore excursion days that allow guests to see Rome and Vatican sights, which are about 90 minutes away.
Geography
Climate
Civitavecchia experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).
 Weather averages for Civitavecchia  |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 13 (55.0) |
13 (55.6) |
15 (58.3) |
17 (62.1) |
20 (68.5) |
24 (74.5) |
27 (79.7) |
27 (80.6) |
25 (76.8) |
21 (70.5) |
17 (62.6) |
14 (57.0) |
19 (66.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7 (44.8) |
7 (45.3) |
8 (47.3) |
11 (51.1) |
14 (57.7) |
18 (63.5) |
20 (68.5) |
21 (68.9) |
18 (65.3) |
15 (59.4) |
11 (52.0) |
8 (46.6) |
13 (55.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 94 (3.7) |
71.1 (2.8) |
50.8 (2.0) |
53.3 (2.1) |
43.2 (1.7) |
17.8 (.7) |
10.2 (.4) |
25.4 (1) |
55.9 (2.2) |
83.8 (3.3) |
88.9 (3.5) |
71.1 (2.8) |
665.5 (26.2) |
| Source: [1] 2009-06-03 | |||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Civitavecchia is twinned with:
- Amelia, Italy
Bethlehem, Palestinian Authority, (since 2000) [2][3]
Ishinomaki, Japan
Nantong, China
Tivat, Montenegro
Gallery
 Historic harbour of Civitavecchia |
See also
- Civitavecchia di Arpino exists in the province of Frosinone (Lazio).
References
- ^ "Civitavecchia historic weather averages in Italy". Intellicast. http://www.intellicast.com/Local/History.aspx?location=ITXX0022. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
- ^ "Twinning with Palestine". © 1998-2008 The Britain - Palestine Twinning Network. http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-29.
- ^ The City of Bethlehem has signed a twinning agreements with the following cities Bethlehem Municipality.
External links
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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