July 19

July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 711 – Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
• 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
• 1544 – Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
• 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth.
• 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
• 1692 – Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
• 1760 – The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders.
• 1799 – A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now known as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time.
• 1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
• 1848 – Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1864 – Third Battle of Nanking, determined battle at last.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1879 – Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
• 1912 – A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1916 – Battle of Fromelles
• 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada – The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic – German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1947 – Prime minister of shadow Burma government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw, which resulted in the political chaos in the country lasting until now.
• 1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
• 1985 – The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 – United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
• 1992 – Anti-Mafia Judge Paolo Borsellino is killed by a Mafia car bomb in Palermo, together with five police officers.

Births

• 1670 – Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
• 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• 1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
• 1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
• 1789 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
• 1800 – Juan José Flores, military and first President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
• 1814 – Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
• 1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• 1822 – Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
• 1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
• 1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
• 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
• 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1876 – John Gunn, Former England cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
• 1888 – Enno Lolling, German SS Standartenführer (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1894 – Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
• 1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
• 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
• 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, Last Lincoln descendant (d. 1985)
• 1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
• 1912 – Norman Carr, British conservationist (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1917 – William Scranton, American politician
• 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Dallas McKennon, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1921 – Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1922 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, founder of Family Radio
• 1922 – George McGovern, American politician
• 1923 – William A. Rusher, American columnist
• 1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American writer, producer and director
• 1925 – Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
• 1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress
• 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish naturalist, writer, photografer (d. 1987)
• 1934 – Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
• 1937 – George Hamilton IV, American country singer
• 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
• 1938 – Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1940 – Dennis Cole, American actor
• 1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer
• 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
• 1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
• 1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
• 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
• 1947 – Brian May, English musician (Queen)
• 1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
• 1948 – Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
• 1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
• 1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1950 – Freddy Moore, American songwriter
• 1951 – Abel Ferrara, American filmmake
• 1951 – Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
• 1952 – Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
• 1952 – Robert A. Ficano, American politician
• 1952 – John Griesheimer, American politician
• 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
• 1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
• 1956 – Nikki Sudden, English musician (d. 2006)
• 1956 – Joe Mohen, American Internet Entrepreneur
• 1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1958 – Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
• 1958 – David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
• 1960 – Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
• 1961 – Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
• 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
• 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor
• 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
• 1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor
• 1962 – Aya Kitō, Japanese Writer (d. 1988)
• 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian author
• 1964 – André Action Diakité Jackson, founder African Diamond Producers Association
• 1964 – Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
• 1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
• 1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
• 1966 – Nancy Walls, American actress
• 1966 – David Segui, American baseball player
• 1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
• 1967 – Stuart Howe, Canadian Operatic Tenor
• 1968 – Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
• 1968 – Jim Norton, American comedian and radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
• 1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
• 1970 – Bill Chen, American quantitative analyst, poker player, and software designer
• 1971 – Russell Allen, American musician (Symphony X)
• 1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
• 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1971 – Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
• 1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
• 1973 – Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
• 1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
• 1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
• 1974 – Malcolm O'Kelly, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player
• 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
• 1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
• 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
• 1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
• 1977 – Ed Smith, English cricketer
• 1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
• 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1979 – Michelle Heaton, British pop singer
• 1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
• 1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
• 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
• 1980 – Mark Webber, American actor
• 1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican West Indies cricketer
• 1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
• 1981 – Didz Hammond, English bass guitarist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
• 1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
• 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian soccer player
• 1983 – Helen Skelton, British TV presenter
• 1984 – Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
• 1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
• 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
• 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
• 1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian rules footballer
• 1990 – Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor

Deaths

• 514 – Pope Symmachus, Italian clergy
• 931 – Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
• 1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
• 1415 – Philippa of Lancaster, wife of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
• 1543 – Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
• 1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
• 1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
• 1692 – Sarah Good, Susannah Martin, hanged for witchcraft as a result of the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653, 1621)
• 1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
• 1814 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
• 1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
• 1850 – Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
• 1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
• 1868 – Soji Okita, Japanese samurai
• 1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American Mormon apostle (b. 1859)
• 1913 – Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
• 1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
• 1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet female flying ace (b. 1916)
• 1947 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
• 1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1965 – Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1974 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian American soccer player (b. 1904)
• 1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 1980 – Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
• 1981 – Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
• 1982 – John Harvey, stage and film actor (b. 1911)
• 1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
• 1985 – Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
• 1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (b. 1913)
• 1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate, martyr of mafia (b. 1940)
• 1998 – Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
• 2004 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 – John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
• 2005 – Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
• 2005 – Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni, Iranian teenagers
• 2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
• 2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
• 2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
• 2008 – Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)
• 2009 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American author. (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Henry Surtees, British racing driver. (b. 1991)

Holidays and observances

• Burma – Burmese Martyrs' Day.
• Saint Arsenius in the Roman Catholic Church
• Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
• Saint Symmachus, pope
• Saint Kirdjun, converted thief and martyr
• Saint Macrina, Sister of St. Basil the Great
• Justa and Rufina

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: July 19

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada