Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies or chronic fatigue syndrome.
Causes
The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury or stress.[1] However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, disorders, medications, as a response to vaccination[2] and withdrawal syndromes.[citation needed] It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.
Overuse
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon and/or too often.[1] Examples are:
Injury
The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strain (injury).[1]
Diseases/Disorders
Infectious
Acute Endocarditis, African Tick Bite Fever, Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Bronchitis, Chikungunya, Common cold, Community-acquired pneumonia, Coccidioidomycosis, Dengue fever, Endemic typhus, HIV, Infectious mononucleosis, Influenza, Legionellosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme disease, Malaria, Marburg virus, Meningitis, Monkeypox, Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Prostatitis, Psittacosis, Q fever, Rabies, Rift Valley fever, Ross River Fever, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Toxic shock syndrome, Acute toxoplasmosis Trichinosis, Typhoid fever, Upper respiratory tract infection, Viral pneumonia, West Nile virus.
Autoimmune
Multiple sclerosis, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis,Myositis, Lupus erythematosus, Familial Mediterranean fever, Polyarteritis nodosa, Devic's disease, Morphea
Metabolic defect
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Conn's syndrome, Adrenal insufficiency
Other
Chronic fatigue syndrome, Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, Hypokalemia, Exercise intolerance, Mastocytosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Barcoo Fever, Herpes, Delayed onset muscle soreness, AIDS, HIV
Medications
Acrylamide, colesevelam, darbepoetin, darunavir, ezetimibe, ibandronate sodium, imiquimod, interferons,isotretinoin, procainamide, quinupristin/dalfopristin, statins, sumatriptan, tiotropium, vardenafil, zolmitriptan.
Withdrawal Syndromes
Sudden cessation of opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, or alcohol can induce myalgia.
See also
References
- ^ a b c MedlinePlus
- ^ Loris McVittie, Ph.D.. "Information from CDC and FDA on the Safety of Gardasil Vaccine". Office of Vaccines Research and Review at the US FDA. http://www.fda.gov/cber/approvltr/gardasil061208L.htm. Retrieved on 2008-07-21. "We have approved your supplement to your biologics license application (BLA) for Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant (GARDASIL), to include arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, fatigue, and malaise in the Adverse Reactions section of the package insert to reflect reports received during post-marketing surveillance, to include corresponding changes to the patient package insert, and to include additional minor editorial changes to the package insert."
External links
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Anterolateral system, gate control theory of pain, pain management ( anesthesia, cordotomy), pain scale, pain threshold, pain tolerance, posteromarginal nucleus, substance P, suffering, OPQRST
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