Planning

Selection of short- and long-term objectives and the drawing up of tactical and strategic plans to achieve those objectives. In planning, managers outline the steps to be taken in moving the organization toward its objectives. After deciding on a set of strategies to be followed, the organization needs more specific plans, such as locations, methods of financing, hours of operations, and so on. As these plans are made, they will he communicated throughout the organization. When implemented, the plans will serve to coordinate, or meld together, the efforts of all parts of the organization toward the company's objectives.

As practised by local or national government, the direction of development. Proposed changes are scrutinized, and planning permission is only given if the development does not conflict with agreed aims.

Planning presupposes an ability to foresee events and a capability for analysing situations and solving problems—See environmental impact assessment—and policy varies with political outlook. Until 1977 the building of new housing was based on the principle of ‘predict and provide’. Environmental activism, and public resistance, have eroded this policy; predictions are now guidelines for Regional Planning Authorities who must also give weight to the spatial implications of any new development.

Any developer refused planning permission may make an appeal to the Secretary of State for the Environment, who will consider both sides of the proposal and may suggest an altered plan. Planning blight is the adverse effect of a proposed development, such as a motorway, which could cause a drop in house prices. If the landowner cannot dispose of the property, or cannot make as much use of it as was previously possible, he or she may serve a purchasing notice on the planning department of the local authority. See externality.

The ‘new’ planning issues include: regional and local economic decline, as in the inner cities (See regional inequality); understanding regeneration processes; lessening social exclusion by improving accessibility to quality services; consumerism versus ‘greenfield’ in housing; planning for environmentally sustainable development; and the exploration of issues of public versus popular control: is it always ‘nimbyist’ to protect localities?

In its political usages, the term refers to any attempt to achieve a goal (such as economic well-being or a particular pattern of land use) by central direction. In the mid-twentieth century there was a widespread faith in forms of planning, including economic and urban planning. The success of the Soviet Union's ‘five year plans’ and the effectiveness in wartime Britain of comprehensive planning of production and the distribution of resources appeared to have given the future to the planners. A Conservative Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, commented, ‘Planning has become a rather emotive word; I myself have always rather liked it’.

Since the early 1970s, however, there has been a widespread perception that the best known forms of planning—economic and town planning—have failed in their objectives. The revival of arguments for laissez-faire policies and the development of public choice theories, which suggest that real planners cannot have the objectivity or length of vision which successful planning would require of them, have added theoretical justification to this perception.

The distinction between planning and other types of policy is a dubious one. Even those who believe in a clear distinction would have to confess that very little of what happens in the world is actually the consequence of planning.

— Lincoln Allison

Quotes:

"The short- term plan, then, is an operative plan defining goals in writing and clearly indicating how these goals are to be carried out..." - American Management

"A plan is a list of actions arranged in whatever sequence is thought likely to achieve an objective." - John Argenti

"Whatever failures I have known, whatever errors I have committed, whatever follies I have witnessed in private and public life have been the consequence of action without thought." - Bernard M. Baruch

"Most plans are just inaccurate predictions." - Ben Bayol

"We need a sense of the value of time -- that is, of the best way to divide one's time into one's various activities." - Arnold Bennett

"A first-rate Organizer is never in a hurry. He is never late. He always keeps up his sleeve a margin for the unexpected." - Arnold Bennett

See more famous quotes about Planning

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - planlægning, planøkonomi

idioms:

• planning permission    byggetilladelse

Français (French)
n. - planification, organisation, (Archit) urbanisme, aménagement du territoire

idioms:

• planning permission    permis de construire

Deutsch (German)
n. - Planung, Planen

idioms:

• planning permission    Baugenehmigung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κατάστρωση προγράμματος ή σχεδίου (δράσεως)

idioms:

• planning permission    πολεοδομική άδεια

Italiano (Italian)
progetto, pianificazione, urbanesimo

idioms:

• planning permission    licenza edilizia

Português (Portuguese)
n. - planejamento (m)

idioms:

• planning permission    licença para construir (f)

Русский (Russian)
планирование, застройка

idioms:

• planning permission    разрешение на застройку

Español (Spanish)
n. - planificación

idioms:

• planning permission    licencia de obras

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - planering

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
计划的制定, 设计, 规划

idioms:

• planning permission    建筑许可

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 計劃的制定, 設計, 規劃

idioms:

• planning permission    建築許可

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 계획, 입안

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 計画, 立案, プランニング

idioms:

• planning permission    建築許可

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תכנון‬

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