In the US, no, but, the paperwork is kept and eventually goes to the BATFE. By law, they are not allowed to compile lists. In other areas, registration may be required on the sale of the weapon (so that they can be tracked) and in others only specific groups or types of weapon need to be registered.
I don't think there is a list. Records are kept where you buy a gun, but what if you bought guns in more than one place.
Since they are not registered, there is no way to answer your question. In the US, MOST guns are not registered- there is no law requiring that guns be registered. It is a popular misconception that there IS such a requirement, but there is none on a Federal level.
No
No.
I need to verify the last time a car I bought was registered.
Like most of the US, there is no registration of guns in Texas.
No- see link below.
You cant'.
No, but gun owners do.
Trade
Yes
NFA tax stamped short-barreled rifles/shotguns and full auto weapons are registered in the course of the licencing process. Normal Category I firearms (semi auto, bolt action, lever action, single shot, etc.) firearms are not, and, in most states, are not required to be registered.