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Yes, usually a person is only infected with one virus at a time, such as A-H1N1/09 Swine Flu or chickenpox.

But, perhaps you mean: Can just one virus particle make you sick? A single virus particle is called a virion. A virion is the complete particle that can infect a host cell, and is made up of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (shell-like structure) made of protein and may have some fat inside the outer shell as part of what is called the virus envelope. It has the genetic material inside that carries the DNA or RNA that it uses to "instruct" the host cell on how to create new virions.

Usually a single virion would not be capable of making you feel sick. However, it does only take one to enter a cell and have it start producing duplicates of itself, eventually creating enough to cause you to feel sick as they invade additional cells. A person with a healthy immune system could probably get ahead of the curve, though, and destroy the virions before they make you feel sick, especially when starting from a single one. But it is possible that a baby under six months old or an elderly person with a weakened immune system (or other person with ineffective immune system function) could get sick before they could destroy all of the virions.

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Q: Can just one virus make you sick?
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