Yes, if you want a good read, Harry Turtledove's books deal with the scenario of the south winning the war. His alternate history series is a very good look at one possibility.
: Over the years the exact wording has changed. President Lincoln stated that the North was fighting to preserve the Union. In order to do that, this meant all states had to remain within the Union. No state could exercise its right to secede. If it did, Lincoln envisioned a splintering of America into a bunch of petty states and kingdoms, much like what Germany was before Bismarck unified it.
the southern states would have had to listen to the northern states..the north basically ruled the south since the south surrendered to the north
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
the southern states agreed congress could regulate trade between the states, and other countries. In exchange the north agreed that congress could not tax exports or intervene with slave trade.
the southern states agreed congress could regulate trade between the states, and other countries. In exchange the north agreed that congress could not tax exports or intervene with slave trade.
The southern states had one main disagreement with the North, which was brought to a boiling point by the election of Abraham Lincoln. The southern states believed in what they called "states' rights." They claimed that it was the states that organized and ratified the constitution, and that therefore, they could leave the Union whenever they wished. The northern states countered this idea with the Nationalist argument. It said that the people ratified the Constitution, and that they could overthrow the Federal government by popular choice, but until then, the states were permanently in the Union. The victory of the Northern states showed that the Nationalist doctrine would be the prevailing policy of the US.
The North were free states and the South were slave states.
Officially, the north continued to be the United States of America. The southern states thought they had left the Union and set up a new nation, which they named the Confederate States of America. The north believed that the south had not, in fact, left the Union, and could not, no matter how they tried or what they did. From the northern perspective, the southern states were "in rebellion" against national authority.
The Southern States
Yes, democracy could have survived. The civil war was about ideology as much as anything else. While states rights was the war cry of the south, they wanted states rights so that they could decide for themselves if they could keep slavery. Northern states pretty much agreed that slavery was evil and southern states didn't see how they could run their farms without slaves. Personally, I think both sides were wrong. The north was wrong to feel that they could force that kind of law on the south. The south was wrong to want to keep slavery. The loss of a couple specific states rights has led to further loss of states rights. Now about the only rights that a state has is to determine the color of their license plates. Even then, the Feds don't want them to look too much like someone else's.
For states rights
The Rebel States were the Southern states - which formed the Confederacy.