What are the 4 major sociological perspectives?

Answer 1

Question: What Are the Major Perspectives in Social Psychology?

Answer:

Sociocultural Perspective

• Stresses the importance of social norms and culture.
• Proposes that children learn behavior through problem-solving interactions with other children and adults. Through these interactions, they learn the values and norms of their society.
• Emphasizes the importance of individualism, collectivism, socialization, social norms, social roles and culture.

  • Understanding behavior within a particular social or cultural context.

  • Emphasizes comparisons of different cultures and groups.

  o Cross-cultural research- identifies and examines the important ways cultures differ from each other.

  o Multicultural research- examines and identifies racial and ethnic groups with cultures.

  • Real-life Example: Anna Marie is a member of National Technical Honor...

Evolutionary Perspective

• Argues that social behaviors developed through genetics and inheritance.
• Emphasizes the role of Biology and gene transmission across generations to explain current behavior.

Social Learning Perspective

• Stresses the importance of unique experiences in family, school, community, etc.
• According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors through observing and mimicking the behavior of others.

Learning Theory Perspective

• A person's current behavior is determined by prior experience.

o Three general mechanisms

▪ Association or Classical Conditioning

▪ Reinforcement- learning based on rewards

▪ Observational- learning by watching others (mimicking)

• Real-life Example: Anna Marie learns by reinforcement and observation in school. She observes her professor during lab and lecture and reformed what she learns at home when completing home assignments and

Social-Cognitive Perspective

• Supports an information processing model of social behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others.
• New experiences can either be assimilated (using already held beliefs to interpret the event), or accommodated (which involves changing existing beliefs in response to the event.)
• By understanding how information is processed, we can better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior.

• People tend to spontaneously to group and categorize objects

• People readily perceive some things as standing out and some things as simply being in the background.

• Real-life Example: The importance of Anna Marie situation may perceive that she is an overachiever or is doing this to get attention from employers

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Answer 2

Some major sociological perspectives are:

Demographic

Collective

Relationship Point of View

Structural-Functional

Social Conflict

Feminism

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 3

1.) Functionalism

2.) Conflict

3.) Symbolic Interactionist

4.) Post-Modern