Newton's first law describes something special that results from the sum of all the external forces (including gravity) on an object.
The forces exerted by the object on other things or on itself are irrelevant to that result, and so the free body diagram used to calculate that result gives the correct result even though we completely neglect forces exerted by the body.
Why is Newton's first law important?
That's a different question (see below).
No. A free body diagram includes ALL the forces that act on a body. Typically, this may involve gravitation, friction, centripetal forces, elastic forces, electrical and magnetic forces, a push by some sort of engine, etc.
That's known as a free body diagram.
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The word "falling" implies there is a gravitational force also. As the object gains speed, the air resistance ("drag") increases, until it equals the gravitational force. After that there is no net (resultant) force, so the object goes at constant speed.
No. Gravitational force is the pull an object experience from gravity. Gravitational energy is the energy an object has from its position in a gravitational field. An object moving up in a gravitational field gains gravitational energy.
The relationship between mass and weight in a body is that weight is the gravitational force acting on an object due to its mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is constant, whereas weight can vary depending on the strength of the gravitational field acting on the object.
The mass of the object the force is acting on, and the gravitational acceleration where the force is acting. F = m*g, where F is the gravitational force, m is the mass of the object and g is the gravitational acceleration (on Earth it is about 9.81ms-2)
"Weight" is a measure of gravitational force acting on an object.
"Weight" is a measure of gravitational force acting on an object.
it is lighter or heavier
Free Body Diagram
The gravitational pull acting on an object towards the earth's center.
Weight is the measurement of gravitational force on an object, relevant to Earth.
That's known as a free body diagram.
Gravitational Pull, push, or force.
The mass of the object that is exerting the force and the distance between the two objects.
Magnitude is a scientific way of saying size or number. The gravitational force is the force (measured by Newtons (N)) acting on an object. On earth, the gravitational force is 9.81 Newtons, this can be commonly rounded to 9.8 or even 10, depending on the accuracy required. In laymen's terms, the magnitude of the gravitational force is simply the strength of gravity acting on an object.
Mass is an intrinsic property of an object. Anything that has mass will have gravitational force acting on it and this is what we measure when we stand on the weighting scale. If you want to know mass of any object simply divide its weight by 9.8 (gravitational constant).