it is one half
Exactly 50% of the moon is illuminated by the sun at every instant of time (except during a lunar eclipse).From our vantage point on earth, the amount of the illuminated half that we can see at any time changesduring the month."First Quarter" means the first quarter of the moon's entire cycle of phases ... about 7.4 days after the"New Moon". At that time, we see half of the illuminated part of the moon ... you'd call it a "half moon".
"First Quarter" is the phase when the moon appears half-illuminated, and rises and sets roughly 6 hours (1/4 day) after the sun.
The Moon is not visible at the new moon phase. At the first quarter, it is "waxing" - the illuminated portion is increasing. At the full, the illuminated portion of the Moon is 100%, and it is finished waxing and is about to begin "waning", when the illuminated part is decreasing. At the 3rd quarter, it is waning.
When the moon appears as a half-illuminated disk, and the illuminated portion is growing from one night to the next,the phase is known as "first quarter".
When the right half of the moon is illuminated it would be called first quarter. (That's when you see the Moon from the northern hemisphere.)
First Quarter occurs when the moon is at right angles with respect to the Earth and sun. During this phase, the moon has completed one quarter of it's orbit around the Earth and an observer on Earth will see half of the moon illuminated.
At any time, half of the entire Moon's surface is illuminated.
"First Quarter" and "Third Quarter" (Moon half-illuminated.)
First Quarter
This is either a "First Quarter" or a "Third Quarter" Moon.
The moon's surface is always half illuminated. We on Earth see 0 to 100% illumination of the side that faces use, depending on what phase the moon is at. Quarter phases, first and last, are half illuminated when seen from Earth.
The side of the moon that is illuminated is always the side that is facing the sun. Whether you perceive that as facing east or west depends on the phase of the moon and the time of day that you observe it. If the moon is in its first quarter and you observe it in the evening, the side that faces west (toward the setting sun) is illuminated. If the moon is in its third quarter and you observe it in the morning, the side that faces east (toward the rising sun) is illuminated.