Draw the register organisation of 8086 and explain typical application of each register?

Answer 1

In the 8086/8088 microprocessor, there are eight 8 bit general registers, AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, and DH, DL. They can be used as four 16 bit registers AX, BX, CX, and DX. There are four 16 bit pointer/index registers, SP (stack pointer), BP (base pointer), SI (source index), and DI (destination index). There are four 16 bit segment registers, CS (code segment), DS (data segment), SS (stack segment), and ES (extra segment). There is the 16 bit instruction pointer, IP, and there is a 16 bit flags register.

Answer 2

Figure 2.7: Intel 8086 register organization

In this machine every register is a special purpose register. There are some registers that also serve as general purpose registers. The 8086 machine contains of four 16-bit data registers that are accessible on a byte or 16-bit basis. It also has four 16-bit pointers and index registers. The data registers can be used as general purpose registers in some instructions. In others registers are used implicitly.

For example: A multiply instruction always uses accumulator. The four pointer registers each with segment offset are also used in a number of operations implicitly. There are also four segment registers. Three of these segment registers are used in a dedicated, implicit way to point to the segment of the current instruction, a segment containing data and a segment containing a stack. This type of structure is useful in branch operations.

The dedicated and implicit uses provide for compact encoding at the cost of reduced flexibility. The 8086 also includes an instruction pointer and a set of 1 bit status and control flags.

Answer 3

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