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Nuclear Reactors

Nuclear reactors are devices that maintain nuclear reactions. They are used in creating power and elements.

500 Questions

What are the 3 main sections of a nuclear power plant?

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  • The Reactor , which generates heat
  • Thew boiler uses that heat to boil water to form steam
  • The steam drives a turbine connected to a generator.

Who is author of nuclear reactor time bomb?

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The "nuclear reactor time bomb" theory was popularized by author and scientist Amory Lovins in the 1970s. Lovins argued that nuclear reactors posed safety risks and could lead to catastrophic accidents or intentional sabotage, likening them to a ticking time bomb.

What is split in a nuclear reactor to create energy?

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In a nuclear reactor, the process of nuclear fission splits the nucleus of certain atoms, typically uranium-235 or plutonium-239, to create energy. This splitting of atomic nuclei releases a tremendous amount of heat energy, which is then used to generate electricity through steam turbines.

Does nuclear power plants kill wildlife?

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Not from nuclear effects, though any large industrial plant built in a rural area must have some effect just due to the buildings where previously it was open country

How do you make nuclear power plant working model?

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First you have to better define working. If "working" means having nuclear material that can actually do something then you don't. If you try you'll probably at best end up in jail and at worst giving yourself radiation poisoning. However if what we define as working gets some play room then there are a few designs out there that work. Most involve some way to boil water (preferably electrical, like a cheap espresso machine as they have safeties) and then turning a turbine to make electricity. You just have the boiler hidden inside a containment structure like a real reactor and print off a picture on what a core should look like.

I'm currently looking into this for outreach programs and will post my findings.

The first nuclear reactor of India?

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No, most of India's reactors are PHWR (Candu type) reactors. There were two GE BWR's before this. Russia is supplying a new station based on PWR reactors, and a fast reactor is also under construction. No Chernobyl type reactors exist or are planned (RBMK type).

Do nuclear power be can recycle?

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To some degree the fuel can be recycled, the process is called reprocessing.

The easiest form of reprocessing is to chemically separate the plutonium that the reactor produced during its operation. This plutonium is then mixed with fresh enriched uranium to produce mixed oxide fuel (MOX) for use in reactors, cutting down the demand for expensive enrichment. This still leaves the spent uranium and fission products and all the transuranic (other than plutonium) in the radioactive waste, as well as producing significant amounts of liquid chemical wastes containing radioactive contaminates. France is the only country that uses this process to any degree at this time.

A better form of reprocessing uses an electroplating process to separate uranium and all the transuranic (not just plutonium) that the reactor produced during its operation. This only leaves the fission products in the radioactive waste. No country currently uses this process, but the US tested it while they were developing the integral fast breeder reactor (which got canceled before a complete prototype could be built).

What countries rely on nuclear power the most?

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Probable USA has the most plutonium.

Is nuclear reactors man made?

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Yes, they are man-made.

What was the function of graphite in the first atomic reaction?

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moderator, it slowed fast neutrons to thermal velocities so that they would be less likely to be captured by uranium-238 before they could fission uranium-235.

What type of reaction take place in a nuclear reactor?

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Nuclear fission, not to be confused with fusion.

What type of nuclear reaction is used in modern day nuclear reactors?

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Current nuclear reactors rely on nuclear fission as their nuclear reaction.

Why is spent fuel rods stored in a pool of water?

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Spent nuclear fuel is radioactive, and it generates heat for a considerable period following removal from the reactor core. Storage in a pool of water keeps it cool.

Why is reactor coolant water kept contained in the primary loop instead of allowing it to mix with the feed water and leave through the cooling tower?

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Reactor cooling water is potentially contaminated with radioactive elements and you don't want those to be released into the environment, so it is kept in the primary loop.

Are control rods of nuclear reactors used to stop a leak?

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Not really. Control rods are used to start up and shut down a nuclear reactor.

Does nuclear energy take place at high temperatures?

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Your question expresses a significant bit of conceptual confusion. Perhaps I can clear up some of this confusion and at the same time answer your question.

What we call temperature is simply the manifestation of kinetic energy at the level of the atom (i.e. slow moving atoms = low temperature, fast moving atoms = high temperature). What we call nuclear energy is simply an excess in the nuclear binding energy, which is the energy binding the protons and neutrons together inside the nucleus and is a manifestation of the strong nuclear force and to a lesser extent the weak nuclear force. This movement of atoms has no affect at all on whether there is or is not excess nuclear energy inside atomic nuclei or if that excess nuclear energy is being released or even can be released. Those nuclei having the least nuclear binding energy are the nuclei of the elements from iron through lead, both the elements lighter than iron and the elements heavier than lead have more nuclear binding energy (which can be considered to be excess nuclear binding energy that could potentially be released).

There are three processes that can release excess nuclear energy: radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion. All of these processes transform nuclear energy to kinetic energy at the level of the atom (i.e. temperature aka heat), and thereby convert a small amount of the mass of the atom into energy. Of these three both radioactive decay and nuclear fission can take place at any temperature, even those so cold as to approach absolute zero. Neither radioactive decay nor nuclear fission takes place any faster or slower with a change in temperature. Nuclear fusion though can only take place at very high temperatures (and pressures) as the nuclei must be very close together and moving fast enough to be able to collide and fuse, despite the strong electrostatic repulsion due to both nuclei involved being positively charged. But this is a threshold temperature, even at high temperatures just below the threshold no nuclear fusion can take place at all and once above the threshold and nuclear fusion begins, raising the temperature further has very little affect on the rate at which that nuclear fusion takes place.

Nuclear reactors operate using the process of nuclear fission and generate heat by both nuclear fission and radioactive decay. We are not yet able to extract nuclear energy in a controlled manner using the process of nuclear fusion (only explosive release of nuclear energy has ever been successfully done using the process of nuclear fusion).

How are nuclear reactions that take place in the sun different from the nuclear reactions that take place in a nuclear reactor?

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  • sun, fusion of hydrogen nuclei making helium nuclei (not radioactive)
  • nuclear reactor, fission of uranium nuclei making a wide variety of different fission product isotopes having mass numbers from 72 to 161 (all very radioactive)