Seeds!
Seeds
Most of the vascular plants have flowers, thus implying that they reproduce by seeds-gymnosperms. By contrast, non-vascular plants don't usually have flowers and thus reproduce by other means; for example, fungi reproduce by spores.
Many non-flowering plants (such as ferns) reproduce by means of spores; the other major non-flowering plant group are gymnosperms, which produce seed, but in cones not flowers
Most vascular plants use seeds as a means of reproduction. However, ferns and other plants (some vascular) belonging to the group Pteridophyta reproduce by using spores, an ancient but useful method of reproduction.
Very simple: no plants that reproduce using seeds would exist. There would be no trees, no flowering plants, no grasses, etc. Any animals that depend entirely on such plants would also probably not exist. Without grasses there would be no grains that we make flour for baking from, so we would have no bread, no malted grain beverages (e.g. beer), no cakes, no cookies, no pies, no tacos, no enchiladas, etc. Most like the largest land plants would be ferns, which reproduce using spores instead of seeds.
The kingdom Plantae will reproduce by using spores. This means asexually.
Most of the vascular plants have flowers, thus implying that they reproduce by seeds-gymnosperms. By contrast, non-vascular plants don't usually have flowers and thus reproduce by other means; for example, fungi reproduce by spores.
spores
Many non-flowering plants (such as ferns) reproduce by means of spores; the other major non-flowering plant group are gymnosperms, which produce seed, but in cones not flowers
seedless plants
Mosses and ferns are plants which do not reproduce using seeds.
Lower plants like bryophytes and pteridophytes reproduce using spores.
Mosses and ferns are plants which do not reproduce using seeds.
Non-seed plants reproduce like fungi, by using spores. Examples are mosses and ferns.
cryptogam
Spores.
by using kiranajanya samyoga kriya
the international supporting system through which water, minerals, and food move inside the plant is called