The process is referred to as gel electrophoresis. This is an analytical process where DNA fragments can be separated based on size within a gel under the influence of an electric field
DNA samples are within the gel matrix during electrophoresis. DNA moves at differtent rates through the pores of the gel depending on how long the fragments are. DNA is held by the gel itself.
The blue band at the bottom of the gel is Bromophenol blue and DNA fragments will be in the gel according to their molecular weight.
YES!! You can use a simple Agarose gel to separate to view the DNA on electrophoresis. Use 0.8 - 1% gel for 5-10kbp , 2% for 0.2 - 1kbp. If the fragments are really tiny, use an Acrylamide gel (vertical gel) to electrophorese and they will show right out. This is to offset the instability of high concentration gels.
In the well made in gel with gel loading buffer
DNA is naturally negative therefore when a positive charge in put to one side of the gel the DNA wants to move towards it.
To separate and analyze DNA fragments and protein fragments by weight. If you have digested some bacterial DNA, for instance, then you can tell by running the fragmented DNA in the gel whether you have digested the correct base length.
Gel electrophoresis
One cannot use the UV light installed in a laminar air flow hood to visualize DNA in an agarose gel. You will have to use an instrument called a UV transillumunator, which illuminates the gel from below to see the stained DNA.
The DNA fragments comes from the method of DNA isolation.
Agarose gel electrophoresis is suitable for ALL DNA.
The electricity pulls the polar DNA strands through the gel, and shorter DNA strands move farther because they are less inhibited by the gel. The gel acts as drag to separate the different length DNA strands, so different DNA creates specific dye bands.