Lamarck's theory is disproved through many different examples of acquired characteristics. Anything that happens to a parent would be passed on to the offspring. Acoording to Lamarck, a parent that has tattoos would pass on the tattoos to the offspring. Loss of limb, injuries, cosmetic surgery or anything that changed in the parents would manifest in the offspring. This is not the case.
Acquired characteristics are not passed on to offspring unless they change the gene sequence of the sex cells. Parents do not give physical characteristics to offspring, but do give the coding for those characteristics. The gene passes on the trait.
Yes. Lamarck hypothesised that living beings acquired traits in their life times by power of will or use and disuse and passed it onto their offspring.
Adaptions to the environment
Lamarck's theory of evolution proposed that traits acquired during the lifetime of the parent were genetically passed on to children. Some animal might, according to Lamarck's theory, learn a novel way of obtaining food, and then its children would be born with this novel mechanism already in place. Darwin, contrarily, proposed that lineages evolved new traits though natural selection: by the elimination of lineages that do *not* possess a certain trait.
The main reason why Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was not accepted was because it was totally new. People never thought that animals branched down from older species. During his time, people thought that the reason why animals or other species existed was because it was god will. Other people believed in spontaneous birth. This was a belief that living things could be born from nothing. Also, most people were Christian, and Darwin was threatening the validity of the Bible. It would have been mad for people back then, the fact that they always relied on the Bible as fact, and suddenly there was other ideas to consider