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Like most emperors, Justinian I (or the Great) reformed the law by issuing new edicts - laws by imperial decree. However, what he is famous for is his collecting of centuries of Roman civil law in a single book (previously laws had been written on scrolls). This was the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil law) which was later also called the Justinian Code. This was a digest of centuries of Roman civil law and gave a uniform organisation to the law, scrapped obsolete enactments and redefined obscure passages, thus rationalising the law. It also included a collection of essays by famous jurists and a student textbook.

The Corpus Juris Civilis came in four parts.

1) The Codex (book) which was a review of imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian). It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws in a single book (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting view among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a coherent body of law. It consists of 12 books, 1 book covers ecclesiastical law, the duties of high officers and sources of law, 7 cover private law, 1 criminal law and 3 administrative laws.

2) The Digesta which was a collection of fragments taken from essays on laws written by jurists (mostly from the 2nd and 3rd centuries) and which expressed the private opinions of legal experts. Most were from Ulpian (40%) and Paulus (17%). It was a large amount of writing which was condensed in 50 books. It was used as an advanced law student textbook.

3) The Institutiones was a textbook for first year law students written by two professors. It was a series of extracts from statements on the basic institutions of Roman law from the teaching books by 'writers of authority.' In was largely based on the texts of Gaius, a jurist of the 2nd century AD.

4) The Novellae Constitutiones, which contained laws recently issued by Justinian.

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10y ago
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9y ago

Justinian I wanted to reform the law of the Byzantine Empire primarily because the law needed to be reorganized. Justinian I was also referred to as Justinian the Great.

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11y ago

yes, because they did

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Q: Why do you think Justinian decided in the late 520s that it was the right time to reform Roman law?
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