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Actually there are more than three, but when Henri Becquerel discovered spontaneous radiation from uranium salts one of the first tests he did was to see how a collimated beam of this radiation responded to a magnetic field. The beam split into three parts as follows:

  1. a part that curved in a large arc in one direction indicating it had a positive charge and a large mass, he named this Alpha radiation
  2. a part that curved in a small arc in the opposite direction indicating it had a negative charge and a small mass, he named this Beta radiation
  3. a part that went in a straight line indicating it had no charge, he named this Gamma radiation
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Q: How did they find out there were three types of atomic ionising radiation?
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