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In the US Social Security System, citizenship is not a requirement, so yes, a non-citizen can collect Social Security as long as all other requirements are met. See the Related Link below.
Yes
If you have 40 or more quarters that you have paid into Social Security--you are eligible for Medicare AND can collect a PORTION of your SS. There is an offset because of your teacher pension.
You can collect Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62 in 2014, but they will only be approximately 75% of the amount you can collect at your full retirement age of 66, in 2018.
Yes she can.
YES
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The age for retirement varies depending on the amount of time you have worked. For a list of Social Security benefit requirements go her to the governments social security website found at www.ssa.gov.
No you do not get FICA back on federal taxes. It's a pay now and collect later system, for when you collect social security at retirement.
Yes, if you both earned enough credits to qualify for Social Security, then you can each collect your own benefits. To qualify for Social Security retirement benefits, you must have earned 40 credits (approximately 10 years of work). You can actually collect your own benefit as early as age 62, but you won't receive your full benefit until you reach your full retirement age. Once you are at your full retirement age, you can choose to collect either your own benefit, or the spousal benefit, whichever is higher.
The Social Security Administration does not recognize domestic partnerships, even if they are opposite-sex.
You can receive early Social Security Retirement benefits at age 62 but if you income exceeds a specific dollar amount per year ($12,960 in 2007), your Social Security benefits will be reduced by $1 for every $2 earned over that amount. After you reach full retirement age, you will no longer be penalized for your earnings. For more information, check out the article on Social Security Retirement Benefits-When To Collect at www.Americas-Best-Places-To-Retire.com