The fetus gets food and oxygen through the umbilical cord.
In the case of a mammal, from the mother's blood though the placenta.
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A growing foetus needs the cord because it gives the food and oxygen from the mother into the babyThe cord feeds the baby and gives the baby oxygen.All foetus's need a cord !
In the umbilical cord you have one vein and two arteries. This vein goes to the liver of foetus. This blood vessel contains most oxygen and food in case of foetus. After birth this vessel gets obliterated to form the falciform ligament.
The mother's blood supply enters the foetus via the umbillical cord and allows oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood into the foetus.
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Carbon dioxide and other such waste gases diffuse from the foetus and across the placenta into the mother's blood. Urea (excretory product) also diffuses into the mother's blood. (The substances in bold will answer question).
The deoxygenated blood and the baby's waste products pass from the foetus to the mother. The mother can then dispose of these through her systems.
the blood from the mother runs alongside the blood from the foetus ;the mother's blood carries food and oxygen to the baby .The oxygen reachs the lungs and carbon dioxide +waste exits through the umbilical cord . Although they run beside each other they never mix.
The foetus in embedded in fluid called amniotic fluid. Some times the foetus takes a breath in that fluid, just before the delivery. The result is disastrous. If the foetus is born with the fluid in the lungs, it is going to die in most of the cases. The foetus is getting all the oxygen and the nutrition from the mother. This is supplied through the placenta. So the lungs of the foetus are at rest in the womb of the mother.
Everything is supplied and filtered by the placenta.
Oxygen gets from the air to the cells of the fetus through the umbilical cord. The oxygen circulates in the mothers red blood cells.
The developing foetus gets everything it needs from the mother via the umbilical cord. That includes food and oxygen (which is dissolved in the mother's bloodstream). The umbilical cord performs a 'gas exchange' which removes waste gasses from the bloodstream of the foetus, and delivers fresh oxygen. The foetus doesn't need to breathe air to grow and survive. Once the baby is delivered, the placenta stops working, and the child take its first breath of air. From that moment, it's dependence on the mother's body stops.