What is now Spain and Portugal was captured by Muslim armies starting in 711 AD. Most of the area became the Emirate of Córdoba.
The farthest Muslim advance was the Battle of Poitiers in 732 AD. Poitiers is now in central France.
The last Muslim state on the peninsula (the kingdom of Granada) was defeated in 1491.
The ottoman empire took over the Balkans, and most of Hungry. Earlier Muslims invaded Spain and tried to take France, but lost at Poitiers in 974.
In 732, the Franks halt to further Muslim advance into Europe
spain
The day western allied armies landed in Europe.
The Roy Johnson Company invaded and were wiped out :)
Muslin armies gain control of Eastern Europe during the time of the Ottoman Empire. The areas of Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia were under the control of the automatic Empire.
They were extremely fit and could cover many miles by foot before needing rest
At the conclusion of WW 2, the Western allies sought democratic governments for Eastern Europe and basically for all of Europe. The Soviets under Joseph Stalin had other ideas. Their armies essentially occupied the Eastern nations where they had driven out the Nazi armies. The Soviets had an expansionist ideology and installed communist governments in the nations of Eastern Europe. This included East Germany.
they raised private armies of knights in exchange for military services
The Sahara Desert stood as a powerful border for Muslim armies for several centuries.
Under Papal wishes, the Kings of many Western European nations went/sent armies to 'regain' the Holy Land from the Muslim invaders.
Saladin
Armies were unable to capture much territory, as it was defended by troops with machine guns.