Argon does not react. :)
argon
If you use air instead of argon to fill a light bulb, the air will burn the light bulb.
An energy saving light bulb is simply a fluorescent light-bulb in a small housing with a built in starter . The gas used for it will be the same as a standard strip-light which is a tube filled with low pressure mercuric oxide and an inert gas like Argon Neon or krypton.
Assuming the question is referring to incandescent light bulbs (the ones with the glowing filament), Argon is the gas used.Argon is a harmless gas found in air, and is used because it cannot react with the hot filament.
Incandescent light bulbs need to have an inert gas or a vacuum to prevent the filament from being surrounded by air (with oxygen) which would enable the filament to catch fire and burn. Inert gases used include argon, krypton and nitrogen or some combination of them.
It won't burn the filament.
Argon does not power light bulbs, electricity does. It protects the filament. Normal air would quickly cause the filament to burn away. Argon does not do this as it is chemically inert. Old lightbulbs contained a vacuum, but it was later found that having an inert gas such as argon present could help dissipate heat better, thus allowing the filament to last longer.
Argon is a monatomic noble gas. It has 8 electrons in its outermost energy level, making it chemically inert. Its usefulness stems from the fact that it is so unreactive: it is used as an atmosphere to protect things from reaction with the air, e.g, during welding and in the production of titanium. It is used to fill light bulbs, and in strip lights. It is slightly denser than air.
Argon makes up roughly 1% of the atmosphere, and is extracted by fractional distillation. This refrigeration process is also used to produce liquid oxygen and nitrogen, so argon can be obtained as a by-product of this industrial process.
Light is not used in light bulbs; light is created in light bulbs. From Edison to the invention of solid state devices, light bulbs were mostly incandescent. They made light by running electricity through a tungsten filament inside a glass bulb with the air removed. The filament got very very hot and emitted light waves (photons). The lack of air (oxygen) preserved the filament from burning up. The efficiency was atrocious, but they made light.
It is vaccum.
The filament (assuming an incandescent bulb) would burn up very quickly.