In a Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election, a voter typically gets two votes. One vote is for a specific candidate running in their local district, and the second vote is for a political party of their choice. The party vote helps determine the overall proportionality of seats that parties receive in the parliament, while the candidate vote determines the representative for the local district.
There are generally two votes under a MMP election: one for the party of your choice and one for the local electorate candidate of your choice. This allows tactical voting.
This answer refers to New Zealand system. Other MMP systems will differ.
Mixed Member proportional
This goes to the heart of democratic voting. Regardless of the country, if it is democratic each voter gets 1 vote. This is to create fairness during an election. Imagine what would happen if we could vote over and over. The person who won wouldn't be the one elected by the majority of the people, but by the candidate who could stuff the ballot box with as many votes as possible. New Zealand voters get two votes under the present electoral system, Mixed Member Proportional (MMP). They have one vote for the candidate of their choice within their electorate and one vote for the political party of their choice.
With MMP (where two votes are done on one ballot, one vote is for a political party list and the other is for the constituency candidate elected by First Past the Post like in the UK), a split vote is where the voter votes for a constituency candidate from one party (CDU) and then uses their second vote to vote for a different party (FDP). Since they are natural coalition partners the Christian Democratic Union and the free market, pro-business Free Democratic Party unofficially promote the idea of splitting their vote (CDU for the 1st vote, FDP for the 2nd vote).
Before the 1870s there were provincial Governments, and then a national government was formed. Many changes have been made - universal suffrage, the abolition of votes only for landholders, the institution of 1 man 1 vote system, and in recent decades we moved from the 'first past the post' voling system to a Mixed Member Proportional voting system. (MMP). This is to be reviewed later this year in conjunction with the general election in November 2011.
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Mixed Member Proportional
Mixed Member Proportional
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MMP stands for "Mixed Member Proportional" representational. It is similar to the two house system in the US, but is arranged differently in the countries that practice it. The full article is at the link below.
New Zealand only has a single chamber government, and the Prime Minister is chosen by the leading political party in the Parliament. There is no easily available single document covering constitutional matters, and the Government of the day has very broad powers, with little trammel. One curiosity of elections in NZ is that any resident with sufficient length of stay is entitled to enroll as an elector and vote in the general elections. As has been pointed out - even the Marine Guards at the American Embassy! Voting is not compulsory. In recent years, NZ has had an MMP style of election, where each voter casts two votes, one for a regional candidate, and one for a political party. One half (roughly) of the seats in Parliament are occupied by the nominees of the political parties.
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