How us the human DNA different from the DNA found in plasmids?

Answer 1

A plasmid is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA. In many cases, it is circular and double-stranded. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms. Plasmids are considered transferable genetic elements, or "replicons", capable of autonomous replication within a suitable host.

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. A chromosome is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.

The major general differences include:

* Plasmids have much less base pairs than chromosomes * Plasmids are rarely organized by chaperone proteins * Plasmids are easily transferred * Plasmids usually contain non-essential genes * Plasmids function can be lost or gained without harming the organism * Plasmids are usually found in "lower" organisms

Answer 2

Plasmid DNA can be separated from chromosomal DNA by the alkaline lysis method. Cells are first lysed with a strong alkaline buffer containing SDS and NaOH. A series of steps involving precipitation, centrifugation and running the supernatant through a resin filter seperates cellular debris as well as chomosomal DNA form the plasmid. This is most often done very easily using mini, midi or maxi-prep kits which are available from companies. From there the plasmid DNA can be inserted into another cell.

Answer 3

Ok i think this is right.

Plasmid DNA is supercoiled and smaller whereas chromosomal DNA is larger and more fragile. So plasmid DNA isolation is a lot harsher, harsher techniques and harsher chemicals. So maybe some chemicals used in plasmid DNA would break down chromosomal DNA.

So basically, the plasmid DNA is tougher and smaller so harsher techniques/chemicals can be used to isolate it. While chromosomal DNA isolation is a "gentler" way of isolating DNA.

Answer 4

Genome DNA is the primary DNA of a cell and it drives the cell's primary functions. When considering the genome of a lifeform it is only the genomic DNA that is considered.

Plasmid DNA is an extra and physically separate chunk of DNA (that usually forms a closed loop) which normally provides some kind of small advantage to the cell. However, the plasmid DNA is not a fundamental part of the host cell and the host cell would continue to survive without it. Plasmid DNA is not considered to be alive as it is fundamentally just a loop of DNA.

Within a normal cell there is only a single instance of genomic DNA whereas there can be and often are multiple (up to thousands) of plasmid DNA loops. Plasmid DNA functions much like genomic DNA and produces proteins.

During cell division the genomic DNA is copied whereas plasmid DNA is generally shared between daughter cells. Multiple copies of the plasmid DNA can increase the chances of both daughter cells carrying the plasmid. In some interesting cases a plasmid will produce a long-term poison and a short-term antidote. If following cell division the plasmid is missing then the production of the antidote will cease and the cell will die in due course.

Plasmids generally spread between cells not using cell division but using a process called conjugation - where two cells touch and then pass plasmids between them.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid for more info...

Answer 5

The human DNA is associated with a protein (histone) so it's wrapped around it, then folded and twisted so it's compact, and forms the chromosome shape. The plasmid is very small and contains DNA for survival (e.g. antibiotic resistance gene) and is not associated with a protein and found in bacteria.

Answer 6

BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME-genetic material of bacteria involved in replication,transcription and translation process

PLASMID-extra chromosomal genetic material

Answer 7

Genomic DNA contains the whole cells DNA, ie Plasmid and chromosomal (in bacteria). mitchondrial and chromosomal. However Chromosomal DNA does not include any of the other DNA types.

Answer 8

Plasmid is more accurate it shows ur blood type while chromosomal is the dna from your parents.

Answer 9

a restriction enzyme help to cut the DNA