The inference is that both continents were once one single land-mass.
the past.
Large plate tectonics or the fossils had wings.
what type of dinosaur it is and its weight
Their teeth.
Relative age of the rocks and the Paleo environment.
Pecten fossils are mostly found on the east coast of the United States.
That at one point they were much closer to each other.
that the animal once had a use for that structure depending on where it lived. or that it decended from an animal that had that structure and used it.
Inference (deduction) is the process of determining a conclusion based on given evidence. Since we often can't know precisely what a prehistoric animal or plant looked like (unless it was completely preserved, as is the case with ice or amber), we have to take what bones, casts, molds, etc. that exist, and infer something about the plant or animal based on the structure and surroundings. For example, based on what we know about structure and function of various anatomies of existing animals, we can infer things about dinosaurs based on the bone structures found in their fossils. We can also determine whether they were predators or prey, whether they hunted or traveled in herds, in what class of animal we can group them, and so forth.
It can be assumed that the organisms that created the fossils were a part of the same depositional environment and process, and roughly from the same time span of the rock that comprises the layer.
You can infer that the animal is an omnivore that lives in a harsh climate that picks up any Food that is available for them. It doesn't have a strict diet. It means that over the years they have evolved to have a larger appendix to deal with digesting the newer and unknown foods that they find
Darwin inferred that a small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland (South America), and that their adaptations varied greatly.