The Supreme Court (or any other court) is very unlikely to reverse prior case law decisions.
However to directly answer your question, decisions by court of any kind are "final" and require no ratification by anyone. Court decisions may be challenged by new legislation or Constitutional Amendments that try to modify the laws that the court's decisions originally addressed. The court might then have to decide on the new laws and/or amendments, but this would be a new court decision.
No. Slavery was abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in a joint effort between Congress and the states that ratified the amendment. A constitutional amendment is more powerful than a US Supreme Court decision, because it is not subject to change by the Supreme Court.
The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified by the States in 1913. The main point about it was that it allowed congress to levy a tax on without apportionment among the states. A prior US Supreme Court decision had held that an income tax was unconstitutional because it was not apportioned among the states.
The Supreme Court's ruling is final and cannot be appealed. The United States Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices.
The decision centered on Maryland's claim that because the Constitution was ratified by State conventions, the States were sovereign
Cushing and Moore took no part in the consideration or decision of the case. ... The case resulted from a petition to the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who ... the Supreme Court to force the new Secretary of State James Madison to deliver.
It is the supreme law of the land in the U.S.
"The states ratified the Constitution."
the decision made slavery legal in all us territories that were not yet states
A+ : McCulloch vs. Maryland
Constitutional amendments in the United States are ratified by a three-fourths majority of state legislatures or by a ratifying convention held in three-fourths of the states. The final authority rests with the states, not the federal government.
The states ratified it and congress passed it.
The judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional or constitutional.