Pitting corrosion generally happens in an oxygen deficient environment where the metal is surrounded by an ionic solution with chloride, bromide, or fluoride ions. A scratch in the metal under these conditions does not allow the metal [such as stainless steel] to reform the thin oxide layer which would normally protect the surface.
Corrosion is the type of reaction between metals and acids.
erosion corrosion, close?
breakage or corrosion
The kind of corrosion affected in ferrous metals is rust. This is frequently seen on automobiles and is more frequent in humid climates.
Saltwater like fresh water and any kind of water cause corrosion. Saltwater is usually considered more aggressive then fresh water (water with low salt content) and will cause corrosion also on materials usually considered as corrosion resistant like Stainless Steel. The aggressiveness of salt water is a function of the quantity of salt, NaCl. For example seawater contains approx 30 g/l of salt and will cause corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion, on Stainless Steel like SS 304 or SS 316. A salt spray is used to test the corrosion resistance of metal products because it is an aggressive cause of corrosion. Oil rigs use corrosion resistant plating (mainly electroless nickel plating) to limit corrosion.
muddy environment.
depending on the kind of acid and the metal, corrosion may occur
a wet environment....
conducive environment
Most metals suffer corrosion. There are few (gold, platinum) that do not. Metals that create a hardy oxidation layer, one that is insoluble in water, are considered "stainless" or can be "passivated".
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Aluminium does corrode. The difference between the corrosion of aluminium and the corrosion of iron (rust), is that aluminium corrosion is galvanic- the oxidised layer that forms acts as a very thin protective barrier to the aluminium beneath it in a process called galvanization, impeding the corrosion process. In comparison, iron oxide does not seal the metal beneath it, and successive layers are exposed and oxidised in turn.