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Neither. Genesis chapter 12 contains two early Hebrew traditions written down by an anonymous source now known as the Yahwist. Parallel, but somewhat different traditions from another author now known as the Elohist, were written down elsewhere in Genesis. The combinations of similarities and differences are the first evidence that this is not an historical account nor the word of God.

In Genesis 12:8, Abraham had pitched his tent to the east of Bethel and built an altar, then in verse 13:3, he returned to Bethel and to the sacred altar. Yet in chapter 28, the Elohist says that Abraham's grandson Jacob slept in a certain place and named that place Bethel, but before then it had been called Luz. Writing independently of the Yahwist, the Elohist was unaware that the Yahwist had written that the place was already called Bethel long before the time of Jacob. Centuries later, the two stories were compiled into a book that would become known as the Book of Genesis.

Likewise, Genesis gives two parallel stories of Abraham where he got tangled up in his deviousness. In 12:13, he told the Pharaoh that his wife Sarah was his sister, for fear that the Pharaoh would kill him in order to have sex with her, only to be found out and banished from Egypt. Later, (chapter 20) for the same reason, he told the king of Gerar that his by now quite elderly wife (Sarah was now over 90 years old and stricken with age) really was his sister. This doublet is repeated when Isaac, Abraham's son, tried to pass his wife Rebekah off as his sister to the same king, once again for fear that the king would kill him in order to have sex with her. Only in a mythical epic would Abraham and Isaac have believed that Egyptians and Gerarites would only attempt to have sex with a woman after killing her husband, and that they would not kill her brother in order to achieve the same ends. For this to have been an historical account, it must also have been remarkable that the king and the citizens of Gerar never suspected, nor became annoyed with the Abraham family after two failed attempts to deceive them.

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Q: Is Genesis chapter 12 an historical account or the divine word of God?
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