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The presence of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer accounts for the relative impermeability of membranes to water-soluble molecules. Phospholipids are types of lipids that are made up of components that include two fatty acids, a polar molecules, glycerol, and phosphate groups.

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of the presence of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer.

The interior of a lipid bilayer is normally highly fluid. In the liquid crystal state, hydrocarbon chains of phospholipids are disordered and in constant motion.

At lower temperature, a membrane containing a single phospholipid type undergoes transition to a crystalline state in which fatty acid tails are fully extended, packing is highly ordered, and van der Waals interactions between adjacent chains are maximal.

Kinks in fatty acid chains, due to cis double bonds, interfere with packing of lipids in the crystalline state, and lower the phase transition temperature.

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