Genotype: what's in the genes. Phenotype: What shows up.
Melanic: M
Non melanic : n
Genotypes: MM Mn nM nn
Phenotypes is same order: Melanic, Melanic, Melanic, Non-melanic.
(if this is a question above the level of GCSE someone else should answer it!)
When enough phenotypes in a family are known the genotypes can be infered.
The genotypes in which one or more alleles is dominant.
No.
I think you have the question backwards, "Why isn't it possible to have more phenotypes than genotypes?" There are always more or an equal number of genotypes relative to phenotypes. The phenotype for a simple dominant/recessive interaction (for example) T for tall and t for short where TT is tall, Tt is tall and tt is short has three genotypes and two phenotypes. If T and t are co-dominant then TT would be tall, Tt would be intermediate and tt would be short. (Three phenotypes and three genotypes.)
Genotypes are not created by phenotypes, they are the alleles/genes of the organism. Genotypes (in combination with environment) produce phenotypes. It would be expected that the genotypes Bb and BB would produce the phenotype B.
Indirectly, yes it does. But it can only act on genotypes through their phenotypes.
Many possible genotypes, producing ,any possible phenotypes.
Possible genotypes would be AA and Aa. Phenotypes cannot be determined here because they are the physical, observable results of a genotype.
You can see the phenotype. A good way to remember is that a photograph is what you see. The genotype is the graphic representation of the trait.
punnet square
Phenotypes refer to the visible traits (or characteristics). Genotypes are the underlying causes for those traits. There may be different genotypes that cause the same phenotype. If the observable traits from one individual are the same from another individual, one can say they have the same phenotypes.
The parents can pass on only the alleles of their genotypes to their offspring. Therefore, the offspring genotypes and phenotypes are dependent solely upon the alleles inherited from the parents.