Those are dwarf stars, which start out as white dwarfs and as they (very slowly) cool, become red dwarfs and eventually brown dwarfs.
Small red stars are called red dwarves. They are the least luminescent and coldest stars.
Of which elements? - Stars usually consist mainly of hydrogen, less helium, and small amounts of the so-called "metals" (which, in astronomy, means any heavier elements).Of which elements? - Stars usually consist mainly of hydrogen, less helium, and small amounts of the so-called "metals" (which, in astronomy, means any heavier elements).Of which elements? - Stars usually consist mainly of hydrogen, less helium, and small amounts of the so-called "metals" (which, in astronomy, means any heavier elements).Of which elements? - Stars usually consist mainly of hydrogen, less helium, and small amounts of the so-called "metals" (which, in astronomy, means any heavier elements).
A place for observing stars and planets is usually called an observatory.
They are all three. That is why some stars are called White Dwarfs (they are relatively small) and Red Giants or even Supergiants. The Sun is a middle-sized star.
A small galaxy with stars and very little dust is commonly called an elliptical galaxy. Elliptical galaxies are extremely small and typically made up of smaller and older stars.
Correct. M-type stars on the main sequence are called red dwarfs.
They are not. A supernova is an explosion of a star. Blue stars usually end their lives in such explosions.
The large hot stars are typically called "blue-white" stars or also Blue Giants. Cooler large stars are called Red Giants.
Neutron stars
The small circle of fur underneath the forelock is called the whorl.
usually the space is measured in light years
Those are called "planets". The ancient Greeks distinguished "fixed stars" - which is what we nowadays simply call "stars"; and the moving stars, which in Greek is called "planets".A planet certainly looks like a star (a very bright star, in some cases), but nowadays they are not usually called "stars".