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In the first centuries of the Early Church, there was no "Catholic Church", "Orthodox Church" or "Protestant Churches". The Church certainly developed differently according to where Christians lived as they were affected by their own culture. For example, this meant that the way in which worship was expressed was not the same in Egypt as it was in Gaul (France) or Britain. The first splits took place quite soon (e.g. during the 4th century) due mainly to disagreements over teaching on Christ, but even then it would be inaccurate to say that those in Egypt began referring to themselves as the Coptic Church (the name used today) and those focussed on the Bishop of Rome as the Catholic Church (Note that the term 'Roman' Catholic did not come into use until the after the Reformation as was pejorative in nature)

The Catholic Church (to use its proper title) centred on Rome might claim to be the oldest Church (as it believes Peter to have been the first Bishop of Rome i.e. pope), but this claim is also made by the Orthodox and Copts, both of which would say that it was the others which deviated.

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Catholic AnswerRoman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the Catholic Church. There was only one Church, and it has been known as the Catholic Church since the late First Century, it was established by Our Blessed Lord from the Cross, confirmed by the Holy Spirit at Pentecost and remains the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church from then until now. Please note that there can only be one Church, not a "first" Church. As Our Blessed Lord only established one Church and it is His Mystical Body, and His Bride. He cannot have "two" or more.
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Catholic AnswerRoman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the Catholic Church. The question should be "where was the first Catholic Church" as it was not known as the "Roman" Catholic Church until the Middle Ages, before then it was just "the Catholic Church". The first Catholic Church was in Jersualem, read the Acts of the Apostles.
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Q: Where was the first Roman Catholic Church?
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