Were there planets beginning of the universe?

Answer 1

No. It fact it took quite a while before planets could be formed - at least solid planets.

In the beginning (say the first billion years), there were only gasses - almost all hydrogen and helium.

They were used to make Generation II stars (yes, the naming is backwards).

Those stars, or at least the big ones, eat through all their hydrogen id a short period of time - went super-nova ... thus both manufacturing heavier elements AND spreading them through local interstellar space.

Thus planets like ours probably couldn't have formed much earlier than Earth actually did (some 4.7 billion years ago).

Answer:

Since this Question has been added to the Religion category, I'll add a religious answer.

For those of us who believe that the Earth was created recently, the planets could certainly have been created by God along with the constellations (etc.), without the need for periods of time. God created the laws of nature and does not have to be bound by them. In the earliest stage of creation (Genesis ch.1), the limitations of nature did not apply.