The Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire
How were lands that were once part of the Byzantine Empire added to the Islamic world?
It depends on your reading of history.Answer 1The Qur'anAnswer 2The Islamic World was only really united for one or two centuries (630s-830s CE) due to the military power and bureaucratic organization coming from the Middle East. This united Islamic Caliphate fell apart into rival Caliphates, Emirates, Sultanates, and Empires between 750-900 CE. These states often went to war with each other. The most famous rivalry was between the Egyptian Shiite Arab Fatimids and the Anatolian Sunni Turkish Seljuks.
The Kingdom of Ghana became powerful by taxing gold merchants who passed through its lands. In contrast, the Umayyad Empire extended its power through campaigns of conquest by Islamic armies.
It depends on your reading of history.Answer 1The Qur'anAnswer 2The Islamic World was only really united for one or two centuries (630s-830s CE) due to the military power and bureaucratic organization coming from the Middle East. This united Islamic Caliphate fell apart into rival Caliphates, Emirates, Sultanates, and Empires between 750-900 CE. These states often went to war with each other. The most famous rivalry was between the Egyptian Shiite Arab Fatimids and the Anatolian Sunni Turkish Seljuks.
Arabs, Greeks, Bosnians, Serbians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Romanians and Hungarians were the major ethnic groups of Ottomans who created their own lands. Beside that, different ethnicities in related lands were apart from Ottomans such as Turkish people in Balkans, Assyrians, Kurds, Armenians (genocide and exiled by Ottomans), Barbaris and many other ethnic groups.
The British Empire
If we use control of Jerusalem as a benchmark for "controlling Israeli lands", we have the following list of occupants:Proto-CanaaniteEgyptian New KingdomJebusitesUnited Kingdom of IsraelJudahNeo-Assyrian EmpireNeo-Babylonian EmpireAchaemenid Persian EmpireMacedonian Empire of Alexander the GreatPtolemaic Hellenic EmpireSeleucid Hellenic EmpireHasmonean KingdomRoman EmpireByzantine EmpireSassanid Persian EmpireRightly-Guided Islamic CaliphateUmayyad Islamic CaliphateAbbassid Islamic CaliphateFatimid Islamic CaliphateSeljuk SultanateKingdom of Jerusalem and Other Crusader StatesAyyubid Islamic CaliphateMamluk SultanateOttoman SultanateBritish EmpireJewish State of Israel & Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (the city was divided from 1949-1967 between the two countries)Jewish State of Israel (exclusively)
The question is based on a false premise, namely that there is "one Islamic Empire". By 1258, there had already been 15 distinct empires whose dominant and ruling religions were Islam. There would be even more afterwards. If the question intends to ask what country controlled the lands that the Abbassid Caliphate controlled in 1250 in the year 1260, the answer is the Mongolian Khanate.
Anadolu (Anatolia peninsula) is the mainland of Turkey (%95 of the lands), %5 part of Turkey is in Thrace (Trakya in turkish)
Armenians were deported out of their own lands by the Turkish in the Ottomon Empire; there is no reason for anyone to be deported out of their OWN lands. The 1915 Genocide left 1.5 million Armenians dead; churches burnt and lands taken (ie. Mount Ararat and Masis). The Genocide is recognized by many countries; however, not by all, given political and economic reasons. "Our strength lies in our intensive attacks and our barbarity...After all, who today remembers the genocide of the Armenians?" -- Hitler
The Arab Empire spread to all of Southwest Asia, Damascus, North Africa, Spain, and then eastward into the lands beyond Persia.
They began to conquer new lands.