The TCP/IP suite includes the following protocols Data Link Layer: ARP/RARP Address Resolution Protocol/Reverse Address DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol Network Layer: DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol ICMP/ICMPv6 internet Control Message Protocol IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol IP Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 MARS Multicast Address Resolution Server PIM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) RIP2 Routing Information Protocol RIPng for IPv6 Routing Information Protocol for IPv6 RSVP Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Transport Layer: ISTP Mobile IP Mobile IP Protocol RUDP Reliable UDP TALI Transport Adapter Layer Interface TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol Van Jacobson compressed TCP XOT X.25 over TCP Session Layer: BGMP Border Gateway Multicast Protocol Diameter DIS Distributed Interactive Simulation DNS Domain Name Service ISAKMP/IKE Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol and Internet Key Exchange Protocol iSCSI Small Computer Systems Interface LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol NetBIOS/IP NetBIOS/IP for TCP/IP Environment Application Layer: COPS Common Open Policy Service FANP Flow Attribute Notification Protocol Finger User Information Protocol FTP File Transfer Protocol HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol rev 4 IMPPpre/IMPPmes Instant Messaging and Presence Protocols IPDC IP Device Control IRC
There are multiple layer 7 protocols. Some of these are:
BGP · DHCP · DNS · FTP · Gopher · GTP · HTTP · IMAP · IRC · NNTP · NTP · POP · RIP · RPC · RTCP · RTP · RTSP · SDP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SOAP · SSH · STUN · Telnet · TIME · TLS/SSL · XMPP · to name a few
bittorrent also...
if you have to choose three: DNS, SMTP, POP
It actually depends some on whether you are talking about the TCP/IP model or the OSI model.
In general though, application layer protocols include (but are not limited to):
HTTP (but not HTTPS which utilizes transport layer as well)
SSH
DNS
DHCP
STMP/POP
Telnet
FTP
TFTP
BOOTP
SNMP
Finger
Whois
Gopher
IRCP
MIME
IRCP
NFS
NIS
NNTP
NTP
LDAP
SMTP
SNTP
RTP
RTMP
RDP
RPC
Also some services like:
Tor
Bitcoin
BitTorrent
have their own application layer protocols
Most of the protocols that run today use TCP at the transport layer. TCP guarantees efficient delivery of data over a network - be it intra or inter. The mostly used Application layer protocol HTTP uses TCP primarily, though there is absolutely no necessity. Other examples include:
FTP
SMTP
POP
IMAP
DNS (primarily used with UDP but can be done in TCP as well)
WHOIS
TELNET
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
HTTPS
and the likes...
Regards
Binaek Sarkar
Foundation
TCP/IP is a Protocol suite not protocol. TCP and IP both are responsible for different functions. TCP handles higher level functions like encapsulation and error detection while IP handles the datagram routing.
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).
both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.
In the OSI model, the definition of the application layer is narrower in scope. The OSI model defines the application layer as the user interface responsible for displaying received information to the user. In contrast, the Internet Protocol model does not concern itself with such detail. OSI also explicitly distinguishes additional functionality below the application layer, but above the transport layer at two additional levels, the session layer and the presentation layer. OSI specifies a strict modular separation of functionality at these layers and provides protocol implementations for each layer.
In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications across an Internet Protocol computer network. The application layer only standardizes communication and depends upon the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host-to-host data transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client-server or peer-to-peer networking model. Though the TCP/IP application layer does not describe specific rules or data formats that applications must consider when communicating, the original specification does recommend the robustness principle for application design.
arp (address resolution protocol)
rarp(reverse address resolution protocol)
other as well
IP and HTTP
Not always, but the more complex the protocol the more likely a layered architecture will simplify design and implementation.
PROTOCOL : Is a set of "RULES" and "REGULATIONS" for seding and receiving Information on the NETWORK, by using the standard protocols.TCP/IP.imran quadri.Answer--A protocol is a set of rules or agreed upon guidelines for communication. When communicating, it is important to agree on how to do so. If one party speaks Indian and one German the communications will most likely fail. If they both agree on a single language, communications will work. On the Internet the set of communications protocols used is called TCP/IP. TCP/IP is actually a collection of various protocols that each have their own special function or purpose. These protocols have been established by international standards bodies and are used in almost all platforms and around the globe to ensure that all devices on the Internet can communicate successfully. AnswerAccording to Princeton dictionary, protocol can mean 3 things: - code of behavior, code of conduct- forms of etiquette- communications protocol (computer science)
point to pint routing protocol
A hypertext protocol is a protocol relating to hypertext. The most well-known hypertext-related protocol would be the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is used to transfer hypertext from one machine to another.
which is most likely to be another application of x-rays
Due to UDP's unreliability and the amount of traffic on the network, more errors would likely occur and traffic levels would increase, resulting in slower response time
The most likely cause for any type of line protocol being down is that a network administrator used the shutdown command on these lines to prohibit access to telnet, ssh and connection to the line con 0.
Due to UDP's unreliability and the amount of traffic on the network, more errors would likely occur and traffic levels would increase, resulting in slower response time.
names of references
the names of references
names of friends
HTTP is a protocol that functions on top of TCP/IP. Theoretically, HTTP could run on top of other transport protocols of equivalent functionality, but in practice it doesn't happen as TCP and IP are matter-of-fact standards, due to a huge installed base. Basically the TCP/IP protocol pair is currently the backbone of the internet and the huge investment in settings things up for it makes it unlikely to be replaced any time soon. That being said it should be theoretically possible to have HTTP run on top of some other transport-layer protocol, but it's more likely to happen on a private network than on the Internet, if it happens at all.