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Viruses that infect the blood (called "bloodborne") are of primary concern with needles. These viruses include HIV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Hepatitis Cvirus (HBC).

Hepatitis B and C in particular survive very well outside the body - up to 7 days - and can still cause infection. These are very serious, life-threatening infections that currently have no cure.

According to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, here are the risks of infection from a needlestick:

  • HBV: Risk of infection from a single needlestick ranges from 6-30%
  • HCV: Risk of infection from a single needlestick is about 1.8%
  • HIV: Risk of infection from a single needlestick is about 0.3% (1 in 300)
These are just averages and may be higher or lower according to the situation (for example, if the person who last used the needle is known to be infected). Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/bbp/Exp_to_Blood.pdf

Resources:
  • Bloodborne viruses: http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/nchstp.html
  • Preventing needlesticks: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/#resources
  • Syringe disinfection: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/disinfection.htm

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Q: What are the chance of getting a virus from a needle after it was used 24 hours earlier?
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