What are the basic principles of biochemistry?

Answer 1

• The Chemical Unity of Diverse Living Organisms

• Living Matter Has Several Characteristics
• Biochemistry Seeks to Explain Life in Chemical Terms
• Chemical Unity Underlies Biological Diversity
• All Macromolecules Are Constructed from a Few Simple Compounds

• Energy Production and Consumption in Metabolism

• Organisms Are Never at Equilibrium with Their Surroundings
• Molecular Composition Reflects a Dynamic Steady State
• Organisms Exchange Energy and Matter with Their Surroundings
• Cells and Organisms Interconvert Different Forms of Energy
• The Flow of Electrons Provides Energy for Organisms
• Enzymes Promote Sequences of Chemical Reactions
• ATP Is the Universal Carrier of Metabolic Energy, Linking Catabolism and Anabolism
• Metabolism Is Regulated to Achieve Balance and Economy

• Biological Information Transfer

• Genetic Continuity Is Vested in DNA Molecules
• The Structure of DNA Allows for Its Repair and Replication with Near-Perfect Fidelity
• Changes in the Hereditary Instructions Allow Evolution
• Molecular Anatomy Reveals Evolutionary Relationships
• The Linear Sequence in DNA Encodes Proteins with Three-Dimensional Structures
• Noncovalent Interactions Stabilize Three-Dimensional Structures

• The Physical Roots of the Biochemical World
• Further Reading

Answer 2

genetic information begins with DNA and is transcribed to RNA and then translated into proteins: DNA→RNA→proteins.

Answer 3

DNA→ transcription→ RNA→ translation→ proteins