No oil bad bearings.
If it's an interference engine and the timing belt slips or breaks the pistons can slam into the valves causing damage.
On_mitch
The engine could possibly seize.
The engine will overheat and the pistons will seize.
No, it would cause the engine to run poorly but not to seize. Lack of lubrication or overheating will cause that. Also a broken part, as in a rod, will cause it to seize.
A dead battery would not cause an engine to seize
lack of lubrication
check for worn out bushings also when was the last time the oil level was checked
you do not check the oil in the engine and the engine gets too hot
Sugar
Run it out of oil.
It could if the valves made contact with the pistons in an interference engine.
Oil leaks will not cause an engine to heat or to seize. A lack of oil will cause it to get hot and seize which is caused by not checking the oil level and adding as necessary to keep it full. As long as the engine has the proper amount of oil it will run just fine. The leaks may cause a mess, waste of oil and money, but they will cause no damage to the engine.
it will seize up