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Bending of light is caused by a light ray going through different mediums, for example from air into a glass prism.

Light would bend when it hits the glass (at an angle) then bend again when it leaves the prism.

This is called refraction.

The basic cause is the fact that light travels at different speeds in air and glass.

"Diffraction" can also cause light to bend.

Another phenomenon is the bending of light in a gravitational field. This is harder to explain. The reason comes from Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

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Q: What causes the bending of light?
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What does refraction means in terms of rainbows?

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