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Italy was allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary when World War I started. Italy said that since Austria-Hungary started the war by declaring war on Serbia, and the alliance was a defensive pact (ie if one country is attacked, the others would help), they were under no obligation to join the war.

At that point in history, Italians had a long-standing dislike of Austria. Austria had once ruled most of northern Italy, and resisted efforts for Italy to unify (until the mid-1800's, Italy was broken up into many smaller countries); when World War I started, Austria still ruled some Italian cities ("Italia Irridentia", or "unredeemed Italy"). They even fought a war against each other in the 1860's while Austria was fighting Prussia. So it's not surprising that Italy didn't have much desire to help Austria fight her war against Serbia.

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Q: What country refused to honor its alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary?
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