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Initially it was hereditary kings, replaced by oligarch aristocrats who shared places on the ruling council, then in democracies by citizens who formed the assembly and councillors and magistrates appointed by their tribes.

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6y ago
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7y ago

First of all, the idea of a unified Greece under one government is a modern construction. Ancient Greece was a region, not one country. The various cities, such as Athens, Thebes, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, Delphi, Pylos, etc. each ruled themselves independently of one another, leading each to be called a city-state since the city and the surrounding countryside was independent of other states. Since the city-states were all independent, they each had their own form of government.

These different city-states were most often ruled by monarchies or oligarchies. A monarchy is a government where a king or prince rules over the city, while an oligarchy is a government where several nobles or wealthy landowners run the country, but there is no "supreme" leader. Athens was a particular and unique case in that it had direct democracy or citizen-led rule for a part of its time. Notwithstanding the fictional nature of Homer's The Odyssey, it should not be surprising that when Telemachus travels in The Odyssey, that not only is he the prince of the Kingdom of Ithaka, but that he meets the kings of Pylos, Sparta, and Mycenae. These places were ruled by monarchies.

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Q: What did the Greeks use to decide who should hold public office?
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