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Incomplete penetration (IP) or lack of penetration (LOP)occurs when the weld metal fails to penetrate the joint. It is one of the most objectionable weld discontinuities. Lack of penetration allows a natural stress riser from which a crack may propagate. The appearance on a radiograph is a dark area with well-defined, straight edges that follows the land or root face down the center of the weldment.

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Moustafa I. Eldysouky Eldarandaly

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Q: What does the term lack of penetration mean in welding?
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