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Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy with a Grand Duke as head of state and an elected Chamber of Deputies which provides members of the government.

Luxembourg used to be in 'personal union' with the Netherlands whereby the King of the Netherlands was also Grand Duke of Luxembourg. In 1890 Queen Wilhemina became head of state of the Netherlands but was prohibited from inheriting the Luxembourg crown as she was female, so Luxembourg had it's own Grand Duke from a German Princely family.

In WWI, Luxembourg although neutral was violated by German troops and Luxembourgers died trying to repel them.

In WWII, Luxembourg was absorbed into the German Reich as Hitler believed the Luxembourgers to be German. The Nazis demolished the WWI war memorial in Luxembourg City. Many Luxembourgers joined resistance movements in WWII.

Luxembourg is a member of NATO and is a founding member of the European Union.

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Q: What history should you know about Luxembourg?
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