Answer 1
Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism
Chasidic Orthodox Judaism
Haredi Orthodox Judaism
Conservative Judaism
Traditional Judaism
Reform Judaism
Reconstructionist Judaism
Secular Humanistic Judaism Jewish
Renewal Alternative Judaism
Karaite Judaism
Samaritains
It is important to note that not all of the sects listed above would consider the remainder of the sects listed to be necessarily Jewish in the same way that some Christians consider Mormons to be Christian and others do not.
Answer 2
Sect is a pretty strong word. A number of Jews prefer the term "affiliation" because every affiliation of Judaism is interconnected to every other affiliation.
The main affiliations in the United States and Canada are:
Reform
Reconstructionist/Renewal
Conservative
Orthodox
Modern Orthodox
Lubavitch Orthodox
After the Jews were driven from ancient Israel by the Romans (the "Diaspora") we were a stateless people who pretty much kept to ourselves. In the 18th century, when Napoleon conquered Europe, he allowed Jews to become citizens of the countries in which we lived, if we wished to. As a result, Jews were forced to come to terms with the "modern" world.
A number of us attempted to "reform" Judaism to make it compatible with the world around us in the 18th century. Others clung to their traditions, so (over time) we were divided into Reform and Orthodox communities. Later, feeling that the Reformers had gone too far but that Orthodoxy was simply incompatible with modern life, a group of us established Conservative Judaism. Orthodox, Conservative and Reform Jews are the most common communities.
Since the reestablishment of the state of Israel, some of us have modified our traditions to accommodate this. These are called "Reconstructionists." There are also Jews who define themselves as cultural Jews, but not religious Jews. Some of them have organized themselves into "Humanist" congregations.
Within the Orthodox community, one can find traditional Orthodox, various Hassidic communities, and "Modern Orthodox" congregations.
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There has virtually never been a time in Jewish history where there were no differing sects of Judaism. Sects come about as the result of different interpretations of the Torah and Talmud.
Yes. According to all sects of Judaism, a child is Jewish if the child's mother is Jewish.
Leah Bronner has written: 'Sects and separatism during the second Jewish Commonwealth' -- subject(s): Jewish sects 'Gateways to Jewish life' -- subject(s): Bible, Criticism, interpretation, History, Jews
Jewish sectarianism refers to the divisions and disagreements among different Jewish religious groups. These sects often have varying beliefs, practices, and interpretations of Jewish law. Some well-known examples of Jewish sects include the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes during the Second Temple period, as well as contemporary sects like Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism.
Most observant men do shave, but certain sects do not.
Nazi Germany attacked the Jewish community through random murderings, mass murders and rounding up all Jewish, Communists and various other sects of the Community and putting them into slums and concentration camps, killing groups by groups, children, women and men through various different ways. Some of the various killing methods: Poison gas. Firing Squad. Starvation. Disease/Infection. Other poison methods such as Cyanide.
Basically there are 3 sects; Orthodox, Reform and Conservative. Additionally, within those sects there are also Re-constructionist Judaism and Jewish Renewal.
Other than what? - Various religions have been divided into sects; this seems to be something like a general tendency.
In general, that would be Shia, Suni, and Druze Muslims, various forms of Judaism, and several Christian sects. Notably, Lebanon has a wide variety of various sects of all three major religions.
Some of the ancient (and best known) Jewish sects were: Pharisees (ancestors of modern Judaism) Sarducees (extinct) Essenes (extinct)
No
AnswerThe Jewish sects known as Sadducees and Pharisees arose late in the inter-Testimental period after the completion of the books that were later accepted into the Jewish canon. These sects were unknown during the period about which the Old Testament books were written (apart from the Deuterocanonical books, which nevertheless were not concerned with them).