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What is a Relational Databases?

Updated: 9/9/2021
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Relational Database is collection of interrelated data managed with their relations. Database holds both the structure (schema) of the relations and the data itself. These structures are usually called tables.

For example, a to represent people working in different organizations, we could have a Person table, an Organization table, and Works table. Person table would hold a unique identifier of each worker, along with other personal information. Organization table would hold a unique identifier of each organization, along with other information about that entity. Works table would hold the pairs of unique identifiers - one pair for each person working in one organization.

If a Person is never allowed to work in more than one Organization, we could avoid using the Works table and store the organization's identifier as a field within the Person table. That is called a foreign key.

For instance, we have a table with name student and we have a table with name courses. The tables have some attributes for student(student number-sid,student name-sname,student last name-slname,student department-sdep) and for course(course number-cid,course name-cname) etc. Here we can see relational database because students take courses and here we can create a new table with attribute (student number-sid,course number-cid) because many student can take many course.Ahmet Eralp KÜÇÜK.

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Relational Database matches data by using common characteristics found within the data set.

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Addendum:

While the above answer is what most people would consider a proper definition of a relational database, it is in fact not correct. The name "Relational Database" was coined by it's creator Dr. Edgar F. Codd in 1970 in his book titled "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Databanks". The new database model was based on two branches of mathematics; Set Theory and First Order Predicate Logic.

The name itself was derived from the term "relation" which is a part of Set Theory and in fact has nothing to do with the coincidence that there is usually one field in each table of a relational database that correlates with another field in another table (aka Foreign Key Relations). It is in fact entirely possible to create a relational database without any of these foreign keys.

- Dallas Caley

Reference: SQL Queries For Mere Mortals, by Michael J. Hernandez and John L. Viescas. Addison Wesley 2000.

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Q: What is a Relational Databases?
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