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Block is a generic OS concept. Whenever OS wants to read data from the hard disk, file system tries to read a block of data instead of one character at a time. This improves the performance. (disk is a mechanical device)
Size of the block varies for each file system, user can specify the block size when a file system is created on the device. Creating a file system on Linux is equivalent to formating a device on Windows. When you format a device on windows you can specify the block size.
To create a file system on Linux mkfs command is used. The default block size is 4K but this can be modified with -b option.
For eg.
$ mkfs -t ext2 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1
this command will create ext2 file system on the device with block size 2048.
There is a limitation imposed on maximum size of block by ex2/3/4 file system. Maximum block size should be 4K and minimum is 512 bytes.
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