Define inert pair effect

Answer 1

Inert pair effect is a term often used to describe valence electrons in an s orbital penetrating to the nucleus better than electrons in p orbitals making them more tightly bound to the nucleus due to poor shielding effect offered by the inner sub-shells/orbitals and causing bonds involving these electrons to become unfavourable due to the large promotion energy involved.

Answer 2

Inert pair effect is the tendency ofÊ the valency electron (s) to resist in participating in a chemical reaction (bond formation). It occurs when valency electronsÊ of an atom are pulled closer to the nucleus, making itÊharder to ionize.

Answer 3

Lead has two oxidation states 4 and 2. In group 14 the +2 oxidation state gets progessivelly more stable relative to the +4 as you go down the group. For lead Pb(II) compounds are the norm, Pb(IV) compounds are reactive for example PbCl4 is a reactive liquid, PbO2 is a strong oxidising agent.

The reason is not 100% understood.

One popular explanation is that the the s electrons as you go down the group are more heavily attracted to the nucleus because of the poor shielding by lower energy level electrons - and are therefore less likely to get involved in bonding. This trend is reflected in the ionisation energies for lead

1st: 715.6 kJ·mol−1

2nd: 1450.5 kJ·mol−1

3rd: 3081.5 kJ·mol−1

This is by no means the complete story- see Wikipedia article Inert pair effect for a fuller account.

Answer 4

Inert pair effect is defined as the reluctance of the electrons in the outermost s atomic orbital to involve in bond formation. It is the reluctance of s electrons to get unpaired.

Answer 5

The reluctance of the electrons present in the s orbital in the bond formation is called inert pair effect.

Answer 6

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